01 - Preheat the oven to 350°F. Grease a 9-inch round cake pan and line the bottom with parchment paper for easy removal.
02 - Pour the melted butter into the prepared pan. Sprinkle the brown sugar evenly over the butter, then scatter the blueberries and lemon zest across the sugar. Set aside.
03 - In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well blended.
04 - In a large bowl, beat the softened butter and granulated sugar together until light and fluffy, about 2-3 minutes.
05 - Add the eggs one at a time, mixing well after each addition. Stir in the vanilla extract until fully incorporated.
06 - In a small bowl or measuring cup, combine the milk and lemon juice. Let stand for 1 minute to slightly thicken.
07 - Add half of the dry ingredients to the butter mixture, mixing gently. Add the milk-lemon mixture, then the remaining dry ingredients, mixing just until incorporated.
08 - Carefully spoon the batter over the blueberry layer in the pan, spreading gently to cover the fruit completely.
09 - Bake for 38-42 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean and the top is golden brown.
10 - Allow the cake to cool in the pan for 10 minutes. Run a knife around the edge, place a serving plate on top, and invert the cake. Carefully lift off the pan and peel away the parchment paper. Serve warm or at room temperature.